Turbine.



J. W. SMITH.

TURBINE. 'APPLICATION FILED Nov.13, 190e.

Patented Jun 1, 19.09.

l; @Mom/foiy 1J vowned' l* d i' I JOHN W. SMITH, OF ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA.

TURBINE.

VNo. 923,451.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 1, 1909.

Application led November 13, 1906. Serial No. 343,259.

To all lw71 om it ma?! concern.'

Be it known that I, JOHN W. SMITH, a citizen of 'the United States, residing in Erie, county of Erie, State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbines, of which the following is a specification. l

This invention relates to turbines for using coni'pressed air and has for its object to simplify the construction of turbines so as to materially decrease the cost of manufacture of the same and also increase the elliciency thereof.

My invention has for its object to provide a core having grooves on its surface and enveloping said core by a shell or casing Whereby the grooves of the core form guide-channels with the inner walls of the shell.

For this purpose my invention consists of a guide-channel core for a turbine, having grooves on its surface, and the invention consists further of the combination of a guidechannel core having grooves and a shell inclosing said core and forming guide-channels therewith; and the invention consists lastly of a plurality of noZZled-channels adapted to guide the motor-fluid from the outlet-ends of the buckets of a turbine-wheel to the inletends of the same, said nozZled-channels having their cross-sectional area contracted at their ends in proximity to the inlet-ends of the turbine-wheel buckets.

My invention consists further of certain novel features and combinations of parts which will be fully described hereinafter and finally pointed out in the claims. ln the accompanylng drawlngs, Figure 1 shows an elevation of my improved guidechannel core. Fig. 2 represents a vertical transverse section of a port-ion of a turbine showing the guide-channel core shown in Fig. 1 inserted in its shell, Fig. 8 represents a vertical longitudinal section of a port-ion of another turbine, showing a modified form of core inserted in its shell, and Fig. 4 represents a vertical transverse section of the core and shell shown in Fig. 3, taken online 4-4.

Similar letters represent corresponding parts.

Referring to the drawings, t-he turbinewheel B having buckets D, rotates in the casing A.

To impinge the motor-fluid against the buckets of the-turbine Wheel, means are provided for guiding the motor-Huid in the direction of and against the buckets. Such means, among others, are., as is well known, nozzles, guide-chambers, guide-channels and nozzled channels. Hitherto such means were cast or formed integrally with the casings of the turbine. My improvement consists in-,providing a guide-channel core having grooves, which, when the core is inserted in its shell or casing, form guide-channels for conducting the motor-fluid in the pre-determined direotions desired.

In the drawings the core E has milled or casted and polished grooves E, E2, E3, E4 and on its surface. Then such a core is inserted into its shell or casing' ll, these grooves form with the inner wall of the shell, guide-channels', the groove E being in alinement with the inlet I, and the groove being in alinement with the outlet The shell or casing is machined out for receiving the guide-channel core, and the core itself is machined in such a manner that those parts of the core not cutaway to form the grooves, fit snugly against the inner Wall of the shell so as to prevent any leakage. In Fig. t the core is made of a bulging character as shown in Fig. 4 at M so as to guide the motor-fluid at a larger radius. The advantage of these improvements is that both the shell and core may be easily and efficiently manufactured, as both parts are accessible in machining and polishing, which is very desirable.

The cores are secured to the shells by or may v means of screws F, as shown in Fig. 2, be clamped in place, as is shown in F ig. 4, in which case the shell is made of two parts, ll' and H2, and secured together by screw bolts F1.4 I do notwish to be limited to this particular form of embodiment, as .screws F might be used to secure the core to the form of shell shown in Fig. 4, and the shell shown in Fig. 2 might be as readily split or made of two parts similar to the form of shell shown in Fig. 4. The shell shown may be either part of the turbine-casing, as shown in Fig. 2, or may be a separate shell, as shown in Fig. 4. My invention becomes the more important in the construction of guide-channels of comparative small dimensions where for example from 5 cu. ft. to 1000 cu. ft. of free motor-fluid or air is used per minute.

ln the particular form of embodiment of my invention, I show a novel form of guidechannel, which consists in shaping the grooves of the core so as to form a plurality of nozzle-channels or convergent-nozzles N, N 2, N3, N4, which have their ends contracted velocity of the air or other fluid in the firstv in cross-sectional area in proximity to the turbine-wheel buckets. The effect of contracting the nozzles or channels is to accelerate the motor-fluid or air just before it impinges the buckets. 'Each nozzle is designed with a cross-sectional area to give a desired ratio of expansion from nozzle tonozzle. The operation is vas follows: Suppose the nozzle to be'1200'ft. per see., and thebuckets to be moving at 300 feet per sec., the velocity extracted would be 600 ft. per sec. with a residual velocity of 600 ft. per see. The

^ channel or nozzle that catches the fluid from the fluid.

the loutlet ends of the -buckets would need to l be designed with twofold more cross-sectional area than the preceding nozzle that delivers The fluid is guided around the nozzle eore at this low velocity of 600 ft. per sec. to reduce fluid friction. By contracting or nozzling the channels at the discharge end expansion takes place and the iiuid is accelerated, and again reaches avelocity of i200 ft. per see. just before impinging-against the buckets g this is repeated in each 'nozzle untilthe available energy is extracted. It is obvious that each nozzle when so designed represents a pressure stage andeach nozzle will carry a pressure stage lower than the precedying one.

Nozzling the channels increases the efhciency materially. These nozzled-ehannels are preferably constructed or machined to a convenient radius that will form the when inserted into its shell, one orf. more guide-channels The advantage `of my improved construction is that the parts may be more easily. and more efficiently manufactured than .heretofore, and may be readily assembled or taken apart for re airs.

Having t us described my invention, I

claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. Ina turbine, a core having communieating gro'oves'on opposite sides thereof, a

The eoie may be provi' single set of buckets co-acting with said grooves, and each `successive groove being of increased area whereby expansion of motive-fluid is carried onin said core.

2, In a turbine, a core having a plurality of grooves on opposite sides thereof, the front end of one groove communicating with the rear end of the next groove, each suc- Y cessive groove being of increased area, and the forwardly extending portions of the grooves having the least4 diameter intermediate the lends thereof.

3. In a turbine, a.' core having communieating grooves, a single set of buckets ccactingwith said grooves, means for admitting motive fluid to one of said grooves, andv means for exhausting the motive fluid from another of said grooves.

4. In a turbine having a' turbine wheel with buckets, a core member, and a plurality 'of channels thereon forming guide channels adapted` to receive the motor-fluid from the ,outlet ends of the buckets, and direct it against the inlet ends of the same, said channels having their cross-sectional area contracted at their ends in proximity to the inlet ends of the' turbine wheel buckets,

' 5. In a turbine, a core having communieating grooves and a shell inclosing said core 1 i ing with one of said grooves and an outlet port communicating with another of said grooves.

6. In a turbine having a turbine wheel with a single set of buckets, a eorehaving' communicating grooves, Athe cross sectional area of which is contract ad at their ends proximity to the inlet`ends of the turbine wheel buckets.

and provided with'inlet ports communicateis 7. In a turbine, a detachable core'having l a series of` grooves-thereon, a single set of buckets eo-acting with said grooves and a shell closely engaging the sides of said core.

8. In a turbine, a detachable core having a series of grooves thereon, and a shell closely engaging the sides of said core, vsaid shell having an inlet port communicating with the first of said series'of grooves,l and an voutlet port communicating with the last of said series of grooves. A.

In testimony, that I claim theY foregoing as-iny invention, I have signed my namein presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

p JOHN W. SMITH. VVitnesses:

J. T. SMITH, Renner Ii. Renners. 

